Kidney dialysis is a critical medical procedure that helps patients whose kidneys can no longer function effectively. When chronic kidney disease (CKD) or acute kidney failure progresses to an advanced stage, the body is unable to filter waste, excess fluids, and toxins. Dialysis steps in as an artificial filtration process, ensuring that patients maintain a proper balance of fluids and electrolytes.
In this article, we will explore the types of dialysis, who needs it, how it works, and what to expect from treatment
What is Kidney Dialysis?
Kidney dialysis is a treatment that performs the function of the kidneys when they fail. It removes waste, excess fluid, and toxins from the blood, helping to maintain a healthy balance of potassium, sodium, and bicarbonate levels.
Dialysis is not a cure for kidney disease, but it significantly improves quality of life and prolongs survival for patients with kidney failure.
Who Needs Dialysis?
Dialysis is required when kidneys lose about 85-90% of their function. Common conditions that lead to kidney failure include:
- Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) – Progressive loss of kidney function over time.
- Diabetes – High blood sugar can damage kidney tissues.
- High Blood Pressure (Hypertension) – Strains kidney function and leads to damage.
- Polycystic Kidney Disease – Genetic condition causing cyst growth in kidneys.
- Severe Acute Kidney Injury – Sudden kidney failure due to infections, trauma, or medication side effects.
Types of Kidney Dialysis
There are two primary types of kidney dialysis:
1. Hemodialysis
This is the most common type of dialysis, where a dialysis machine and artificial kidney (dialyzer) filter waste and excess fluids from the blood.
Procedure:
- Blood is drawn from the body through a vascular access.
- The dialyzer cleans the blood by removing toxins and excess fluid.
- The filtered blood is returned to the body.
Frequency:
- Typically 3 times a week, with each session lasting 3-5 hours.
- Can be done in a hospital, dialysis center, or at home (home hemodialysis).
Pros:
✔ Effective in filtering blood.
✔ Can be done at a medical facility with supervision.
Cons:
✘ Requires frequent visits to the dialysis center.
✘ Risk of infection at the access site.
2. Peritoneal Dialysis (PD)
Peritoneal dialysis is an alternative that allows treatment at home. It uses the body’s peritoneal membrane in the abdomen to filter blood.
Procedure:
- A special dialysis fluid is introduced into the abdomen through a catheter.
- The fluid absorbs waste and excess fluid.
- After a few hours, the fluid is drained and replaced with fresh solution.
Types of Peritoneal Dialysis:
- Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) – Done manually 4-5 times daily.
- Automated Peritoneal Dialysis (APD) – A machine cycles the fluid overnight while the patient sleeps.
Pros:
✔ Can be done at home or while traveling.
✔ No need for regular hospital visits.
Cons:
✘ Higher risk of peritoneal infections.
✘ Requires patient responsibility and discipline.
Choosing the Right Dialysis Option
The choice between hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis depends on:
- Medical condition and overall health
- Lifestyle preferences (home vs. center-based treatment)
- Doctor’s recommendation
- Availability of support from family or caregivers
For patients with severe conditions, a kidney transplant may be considered as a long-term solution instead of lifelong dialysis.
Living with Dialysis: What to Expect
While dialysis sustains life, it does require adjustments to daily routines. Here’s what patients should be mindful of:
1. Diet and Fluid Intake
- Limit sodium, potassium, and phosphorus intake to reduce strain on the kidneys.
- Control fluid intake to prevent swelling and high blood pressure.
- Eat protein-rich foods to maintain muscle strength.
2. Managing Side Effects
Some patients may experience:
- Fatigue or weakness due to fluid and electrolyte loss.
- Low blood pressure (hypotension) during or after hemodialysis.
- Cramps, itching, or nausea, which can be managed with medications and diet changes.
3. Emotional and Mental Health
Dialysis can be physically and emotionally challenging. Joining support groups, practicing stress management, and maintaining an active lifestyle can help improve mental well-being.
Conclusion
Kidney dialysis is a life-saving treatment that helps patients with kidney failure maintain a healthy and active life. Whether through hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, the right treatment plan ensures effective waste removal and improves overall well-being.
At Kolekar Hospital, we provide advanced kidney dialysis in Chembur, ensuring expert care, state-of-the-art facilities, and a compassionate approach. Our specialized nephrologists and dialysis team offer personalized treatment plans to help patients lead a healthier life.
